1000 to 1499 AD
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1000 to 1499 AD
The Age of Imperialism
Well, everybody has been reading their Tacitus! The Europeans especially, take the opportunity to have an Empire in this millennia, but they are not the only ones. Everybody wants an Empire!
The world changes out of all recognition again now, as it has always done in the past. It is rather like watching a life form mutate, or like watching a foetus grow. Will we become a butterfly crawling and struggling out of our chrysalis? Are we capable of becoming something so beautiful?
However, globalisation, cinema and television and the internet will bring history to life in our living rooms which will have far reaching consequences. Live Aid is just one example of how a widespread response can occur over the tea table! Are we capable of more?
The World continues to have natural disasters and volcanoes continue to erupt, Tsunamis happen, the extremes of weather worsen, diseases continue to strike, famines claim millions but war will claim untold millions, 50,000,000 in World War II alone. The terrifying cruelty of slavery and conquest across the World is responsible for many hundreds of millions of peoples forced into movement away from home to very uncertain futures, resulting in untold misery. This dreadful and commonplace practice has been pursued by many of the World’s Empires without a second thought. Only now is the miasma of this evil beginning to clear through the ongoing casual genocides still going on to this day.
History could be compared to a game of billiards. If we hit a ball hard enough, it will hit other balls and ricochet around the table and other balls will be displaced or fall down pockets and leave the game. But is it a game? A group of people sitting in a room making decisions ricochets around the World nonetheless. The game is the law of unintended consequences, and unless we see and understand the patterns of the past, we are doomed to repeat them. But what a cost!
Now we do understand that the Earth is not our plaything. Now we do understand Human Rights. Now we do understand the meaning of power. But do we understand the butterfly?
- 1000 AD Vietnam fights off Chinese rule and the Dynastic Era begins
- 1000 AD Britain Wulfstan preaches the Sermon of the Wolf
- 1000 AD Hungary converts to Roman Catholicism
- 1000 AD Rome list of Popes
- 1000 AD Poland emerges and converts to Roman Catholicism
- 1000 AD Ireland source Annals of Tigernach
- 1002 AD Ireland Brian Boru defeats the O’Neills
- 1002 AD Britain Aethelred defeats a Viking Great Army at St Brice’s Day Massacre greatly upsetting Sweyn I of Denmark. Constant Viking raids since 980 AD and payment of Danegeld
- 1003 AD Persia the Saffarid Dynasty fades
- 1007 AD Rome first pogrom against the Jews see 992 AD
- 1009 AD Jerusalem Al Hakim burnt down the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and forbade Christians access to Jerusalem
- 1009 AD Britain Sweyn I of Denmark invades with Thorkell the Tall and they kill the Alphege the Archbishop of Canterbury and drive out Edward to Normandy. Sweyn declares himself king of England
- 1014 AD Britain the Anglo Saxon Magna Carta signed by Edmund Ironside and English aristocrats
- 1014 AD Scotland Brian Boru defeats the Vikings at the Battle of Clontarf but he is killed and Maelsechnaill regains kingship of Ireland
- 1016 AD Britain Canute invades and becomes king alongside Edmund Ironside. Eadric Streona’s treachery leads to Canute’s sole kingship and unification of England under Danish rule. Canute is also king of Denmark and Norway
- 1016 AD Italy the Normans invade Calabria
- 1018 AD Britain Scottish king Malcolm II invades Northumbria
- 1020 AD Francia the Normans control Lombardy and some Byzantine lands
- 1024 AD Germania the Ottonian Dynasty fails and the Salian Dynasty emerges
- 1027 AD Rome the Truce of God Movement
- 1034 AD Scotland Duncan I reputedly a priest king akin to the Merovingians, and possibly why Shakespeare had him killed like Dagobert by Macbeth who subsequently goes mad ?like Wilfred
- 1035 AD Britain breaks free of Danish control when Canute dies
- 1036 AD Rome three types of people ‘prayers’ ’tillers’ and ‘fighters’ - pun on Druidic triad?
- 1038 AD Rome Peace League of Bourges Aimon of Bourges - decision to take up arms to enforce the peace leads to the Peace Militia
- 1039 AD Ireland Echmarchach mac Ragnaill captures Dublin and becomes king of the Isles list of Viking kings of Dublin
- 1040 China the first movable pottery block type printing
- 1040 AD Britain Emma wife of Ethelred and Canute and mother of Alfred, Edward and Harthacanute was responsible for a great output of literature written down in her lifetime, and she hired propaganda from Flanders
- 1041 AD Britain source Encomium Emmae
- 1941 AD Francia Synod of Arles forbade any Christian from taking up arms
- 1043 AD Italy Norman Tancred and his sons move to Italy and his descendants take on major historical roles
- 1046 AD Rome Papacy claims supremacy above kings and outlaws simony again
- 1048 AD Scotland the Port of Leith Arms show a Madonna and child in a boat (Dan Brown again!)
- 1048 AD Jerusalem Islam rebuilds the Church of the Holy Sepulchre under Ali az Zahir
- 1049 AD Rome forbids clerical marriage
- 1049 AD Rome Peter Damian Book of Gomorrah describes sodomy and bestiality and more amongst clergy. This book is later suppressed by Leo IX
- 1050 AD Russia Kiev Yaroslav I finally moulds Russia into an Empire
- 1050 AD Scotland source the Chronicle of the kings of Alba
- 1050 AD Wales source Book of Taliesin
- 1050 AD Asia Minor the Seljuq Peoples arrive sweeping all before them
- 1050 AD Baghdad Islamic Abbasid Dynasty fades as their mercenaries the Mamluks gain in power list of Abassid kings as the Fatimid Dynasty emerges Islamic traders open Alexandria again using the Red Sea, cutting off Mesopotamia and the Byzantine Empire from trade routes
- 1050 AD Andalusia source Islamic Abullah al Bakri
- 1052 AD Rome Berengar of Tours proscribed
- 1052 AD Rome Regnum Sacerdotum proclaims the power of kings over priests
- 1052 AD Mediterranean Sea controlled by the Normans
- 1052 AD Ireland Vikings recapture Dublin
- 1054 AD Roman Church and Byzantine Church splits irrevocably over dispute between Michael Cerularius and Leo IX over the use of unleavened bread for the Eucharist the East West Schism
- 1054 AD Rome declares that no Christian to kill another Christian
- 1055 AD Germania Henry III Holy Roman Emperor elects ten Popes in ten Years and Cluniac Monastries, rich with simony appointments and married clergy, spread under Royal protection
- 1056 AD Byzantine Empire fragmentation and chaos as Macedonian Dynasty fails list of Macedonian Emperors
- 1057 AD Rome chaos of the last 102 years ends when Victor II elected after 25 competing Popes and antipopes since 955 AD list of Popes Hildebrand captures Rome and his friend was Abbott of Monte Cassino and home to the Papal Reform Party. Monte Cassino passed reforms that the College of Cardinals should choose future Popes. The Normans ally to the Papacy. Henry III uses the treasure of Monte Cassino to pay to attack the Normans and the Popes ally with the Normans against Henry III using the forged Donation of Constantine. Supported by the Normans when the nobles sack Rome, the Popes instigate a moral reform of the Church and ban lay investiture and clerical marriage. The Normans capture Calabria, Capua and Gaeta
- 1058 AD Francia the Magdelene Church at Rennes le Chateau reputedly founded
- 1060 AD Britain source Goscelin of St Bertin writes numerous lives of English saints and preserves many English traditions through the Norman conquest to come
- 1060 AD Italy the Normans invade Sicily, and Rome with Hildebrand
- 1061 AD Scotland Norman knights reputedly arrive at Roslin with Hugh de Payen
- 1062 AD Rome Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor kidnapped Alexander II and Honorius. Honorius invades Rome. The Normans invade Rome and drive out Honorius
- 1063 AD Wales Bleddyn ap Cynfyn installed as king by Harold Godwinson after the defeat of Gruffud ap Llewelyn
- 1063 AD Italy the Basilica of St Mark built in Venice
- 1064 AD Andalusia protocrusade against Islam in Andalusia
- 1066 AD Britain the Battle of Fulford Gate Tostig and Harald III of Norway defeat Edwin and Morcar
- 1066 AD Britain the Battle of Stamford Bridge Harold Godwinson victorious against Harald III of Norway
- 1066 AD Britain conquest of William the Conqueror at Battle of Hastings
- 1066 AD Britain end of Witan law codes
- 1066 AD Netherlands Charter of Guy replaced trial by combat with oaths
- 1066 AD Africa Islam reaches down into the Kingdom of Mali and the Ghana Empire fades
- 1066 AD Normandy the Bayeux Tapestry begun under Bishop Odo
- 1068 AD Italy the Normans capture Bari
- 1969 AD Britain William I the Harrying of the North kills 150,000 people population of England at the time estimated at 1,500,000 William burns Jorvik to the ground. William begins a massive building programe throughout Britain. William changed the underlying social structure of Anglo Saxon England, including the relationship between men and lords, land holding rights, no tenure without service, which meant peasants had wages, and the dissolution of kinship structures and primogeniture. The Papal Legate ordered the death of all English nobles. Latin became the official language, with French as the language of the aristocracy, but English remained the cradle language. William reforms the Church and builds Winchester. He also confirms the laws of Edward the Confessor and the English Common Law
- 1069 AD Italy the Normans capture Palermo
- 1070 AD Britain Hereward the Wake held out against the Normans on the Isle of Ely
- 1071 AD Byzantine Empire attacked by Seljuq Turks
- 1073 AD Byzantine Empire attacked by Normans
- 1073 AD Rome Hildebrand Pope Gregory VII assumes the Papal crown and dons Purple and proclaims Dictatus Papae, or supremacy over all of the peoples of Earth and above kings, with power to depose kings, which upsets loads of people. He also proclaims himself a saint and initiates the Gregorian Reform. He proscribes lay investiture and excommunicates Henry IV twice. Three years of civil war with Germany result
- 1073 AD Asia Minor the Turkic Peoples have been arriving in Europe for centuries under different Tribal names. The Seljuq Culture establishes an Empire in Asia Minor at this time
- 1075 AD Asia Minor the kingdom of Armenia resurges
- 1077 AD Britain Cluniacs arrive
- 1077 AD Britain Tower of London built
- 1078 AD Britain Sarum Rite intruduced by Osmund Bishop of Salisbury
- 1080 AD Rome Gregory VII and Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV finally agree on Luke 22.38 two swords, material sword of kings and the spiritual sword of priests
- 1081 AD Byzantine Empire Alexius I defeats the Seljuqs and the Normans
- 1082 AD Britain William invites Jews into Britain
- 1083 AD Rome Henry IV and Gregory VII and Normans fight for control
- 1085 AD Spain Visigoths capture Toledo from Islam
- 1086 AD Britain source the Domesday Book. Britain is the richest country in Europe Europe at this time, and 50% of these riches lay in the hands of 190 individuals, of these, 11 men owned half of this wealth between them.
- 1090 AD Britain protests against the slave trade from Viking Dublin
- 1090 AD Rome Pope refused Mass in the vernacular
- 1091 AD Malta the Normans conquer
- 1092 AD Britain source Eadmer
- 1093 AD Scotland William Rufus invades
- 1094 AD Andalusia El Cid captures Valencia and Aragon
- 1095 AD Jerusalem captured by the First Crusade which was engineered by the Desposyni Rex Deus, and ordered by Pope Urban II and the Kingdom of Jerusalem founded after the slaughter of Jerusalem. The first king Godfrey of Bouilon reputedly of Merovingian descent. The Order of Sion founded to include Jews, Christians and Muslims and is immediately proscribed by Rome. The Knights Templars founded The Order of St John founded with the Serpent Caduceus. William Rufus of Britain not invited on First Crusade as he has control of papal legates and is in contention with Anselm
- 1096 AD Britain Anselm upsets everybody by claiming Dictatus Papae at Canterbury as a wedge between king and Church. He is not supported by married clergy but he is supported by Henry’s wife Matilda
- 1098 AD Germany Cistercian Order founded
- 1098 AD Asia Minor Seljuqs and Islam war
- 1100 AD migration of peoples across Europe to Jesusalem at this time
- 1100 AD Africa Islamic migration into Africa begins along the eastern seaboard. Arabs, Persians and Indians establish the colonies Mombasa, Malindi and Sofala to the detriment of the Swahili People. The North African coast was previously conquered from the Christian kingdoms of Europe in the 7th Century to the detriment of the Berber People and the Moorish Peoples, followed by a resurgence and an extension of the knowledge. Senegambia and the middle Niger regions also fell under the influence of the Arabs and Berbers
- 1100 AD Italy Venice emerges as major naval force and challenging Islam in Mediterranean
- 1100 AD Britain Henry I king but is forced to admit to murder of William Rufus in his coronation ritual and this becomes a precursor to the Magna Carta
- 1100 AD Britain Adelard of Bath travels widely collecting manuscripts from outside Christendom and making them available to scholars Euclid now known in the West
- 1100 AD Finland converts to Roman Catholicism
- 1100 AD the Indigenous peoples of Asia are on the move
- 1100 AD Russia the Kipchaks emerge
- 1100 AD Central Asia the Pechenegs are on the move
- 1100 AD Far East the Khmer Empire emerges and Angkor Wat is built
- 1100 AD West Africa the Islamic Almoravid Berber Culture invades down into the Western Sahara and up into Spain and Portugal
- 1100 AD East Africa Great Zimbabwe emerges
- 1100 AD Central Africa The Kongo Culture emerges
- 1100 AD Europe the Black Madonnas start to appear, possibly a reaction to the secret knowledge about Mary Magdalene and may contain reference to her being hidden. They may also contain reference to Egyptian mythology and Osiris who was depicted as a black deity or a green deity, the colour of vegetation and of heaven, because he reigned in the underworld
- 1102 AD Britain slavery abolished
- 1111 AD Rome Pascal II accepts lay investiture as controversy over this issue causes war all over Europe. Pascal II deposed and Calixtus II refuses to accept lay investiture and the discord continues
- 1113 AD Russia source Primary Chronicle
- 1115 AD Britain source Orderic Vitalis
- 1118 AD Jerusalem Hughes de Payen excavating under the Temple Mount
- 1120 AD Britain Henry I’s son and heir drowned in the wreck of the White Ship
- 1122 AD Germany Concordat of Worms the Investiture Controversy is finally settled and Gregorian Reform wanes
- 1125 AD Britain Matilda arrives to marry Henry I
- 1125 AD Britain source William of Malmesbury
- 1125 AD Britain Roger of Salisbury invents Exchequor system
- 1125 AD Wales source Book of Llandaff
- 1128 AD France Bernard of Clairveux founder of Cistercian Order drafts the Constitution of the Knights Templar and becomes their official patron which ensures a concommitent rise of the Cisterician Order at Notres Dame, Chartres, Amiens and Reims. The Templars are granted lands in the Firth of Forth The Knights Templar discovered the Armenian Church in Jerusalem which had been in existence since the time of the Apostles and probably unknown in the West since the proscription of Monophytism in the 4th century and the rise of Islam cutting them off from Jerusalem. The Armenian Church refused to reject Eutyches and followed the rule of Cyril of Alexandria adopting Miaphysitism. The Armenian Church combined with the Ethiopian Church at this time, and no doubt the Knights Templars learned a lot from them both about Lallibella and the Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion at Axum and the reputed repository of the Ark of the Covenant there and the Obelisk of Axum. This is a more explosive ‘treasure’ and certainly enough to hold Rome to account. Reputedly several Templars set off for Ethiopia to investigate all this for themselves.
- 1129 AD Britain source Henry I
- 1130 AD Wales Cistercians arrive
- 1130 AD Britain Gilbertine Order founded
- 1132 AD Rome Arnold of Brescia preaching clerical poverty at a time when the Popes are walking around in Imperial Purple
- 1132 AD Denmark civil war
- 1132 AD Rome the Normans are elbow deep in Papal politics and kidnap Innocent II to force him to accept Roger II who formed a Norman kingdom in Southern Italy
- 1135 AD Britain Stephen crowned king with important coronation concessions forming the basis for the future Magna Carta. Stephen seized the throne with popular support from Henry I and married Matilda who was supporting Geoffrey of Anjou over the war with Normandy, over which Henry II had claimed kingship
- 1136 AD Wales Owain Gwynedd major victories against the Normans
- 1136 AD Scotland Cistercians arrive
- 1138 AD Syria the Aleppo earthquake kills 230,000 people
- 1138 AD Scotland David I, Matilda’s uncle, invades Britain
- 1139 AD Ireland Malachy brings the Irish Church into line with the Roman Church
- 1139 AD Rome Innocent II grants the Knights Templars independence from authority, as the Pope is. The Knights Templar become very powerful a a result
- 1140 AD Britain source William of Malmesbury writes of the Holy Grail and many other books Arthurian Myth
- 1140 AD North Africa source Averroes complies the works of Aristotle in Morocco
- 1140 AD Scotland the Knights Templar very active here at this time
- 1140 AD Britain source Geoffrey of Gaimar continues Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia Regum Britannae and translates it into French Arthurian Myth
- 1140 AD Wales source Caradoc of Llancarfan writes of Gwynefer’s imprisonment by Maelwas of Somerset, who may be Maelgwn Hir ap Cadwallon? Arthurian Myth
- 1140 AD Scotland Somerled Lord of the Isles
- 1141 AD Britain the Anarchy of Stephen, Geoffrey and Matilda
- 1141 AD North Africa Roger II captures a series of ports along the coast
- 1142 AD Britain source John of Salisbury writes the Politicratus
- 1142 AD Ireland the Cistercians arrive
- 1144 AD Asia Minor the Seljuq’s capture Odessa
- 1145 AD Rome the Second Crusade called following the fall of Odessa and is defeated by the Seljuq’s. Frederick I Holy Roman Emperor and Louis VII lead the Crusade. The remnants of the army travel on to Damascus and dissolve in chaos. Eugenuis III claims Two Swords and extends Vassalage. Eugenius III awards the Knights Templar the Conventual Blood Cross Insignia. The Crusaders capture Lisbon
- 1146 AD North Africa the Normans capture Tripoli
- 1146 AD Spain Islam invades
- 1149 AD Rome source Bernard of Clairvaux
- 1150 AD Cambodia Angkor Wat Built by Suryavarman II of the Khmer Empire
- 1150 AD Europe the growth of City Republics or Communes
- 1150 AD North Africa source Maimonides Guide for the Perplexed
- 1150 AD Europe only England and Rome have advanced tax collection and finance control
- 1150 AD Britain the University of Oxford founded under Augustinian influence and is prolific in its output of literature. Geoffrey of Monmouth writes Historia Regum Britanniae the Prophecy of Merlin and the Vita Merlini. Arthurian Myth
The Second Charter of Liberties issued in 1136 is another precursor to the Magna Carta - 1150 AD Britain source Prophecy of Berchan
- 1150 AD Andalusia source Averroes
- 1151 AD Rome Bernard of Clairvaux give the power of Two Swords to the Pope and upsets loads of people
- 1152 AD Britain Henry II reforms the Common Law and replaces trial by ordeal with trial by Jury. He marries Eleanor of Aquitaine and forms the Avgevin Empire and is at war with her first husband Louis VII of France
- 1154 AD Syria Islam conquers Damascus under Nur ad Din
- 1155 AD Britain source Robert Wace writes Roman de Brut based on Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia Regum Britanniae Arthurian Myth
- 1157 AD Wales Owain Gwynedd defeats Henry II
- 1158 AD Europe Frederick I Holy Roman Emperor asserts control over Northern Italy and Corsica over the Pope’s claim for Two Swords
- 1159 AD Rome Adrian IV gives Ireland to England
- 1159 AD Britain John of Salisbury give power of Two Swords to Pope
- 1160 AD Sicily massacre of Muslims and Muslim apostates under William I and his predecessor
- 1160 AD France source Chretien de Troyes revamps the British literature from Oxford (see 1150 AD) on the Arthurian Legend into French. Arthurian Myth
Propoganda is very sophisticated in Europe, especially in France and Britain at this time English Historians in the Middle Ages conservation of all English Literature to date, helped by paper arriving in the West, which makes all this writing possible. Romance literature also becomes possible - 1163 AD France source Abelard and Heloise
- 1163 AD Scotland the Cluniacs arrive
- 1164 AD Britain Henry II Clarendon Constitutions lead to rebellion of Thomas Beckett when Henry II tries to legislate over the prosecution of criminal clerics
- 1167 AD Germany the Lombard League founded to counter the power of Frederick I
- 1169 AD North Africa Saladin conquers Egypt and founds the Ayyubid Dynasty
- 1170 AD Britain source Ralph de Diceto
- 1170 AD Baghdad the Fatamid Dynasty fades
- 1170 AD Spain source Benjamin of Tudela describes his extensive travels in the Holy Land, Central Asia, Perisa and Africa
- 1170 AD Wales Owain Gwynedd refused to appoint Thomas Beckett’s Bishop at Bangor and appoints Arthur of Bardsley instead
- 1170 AD Britain Thomas Beckett murdered. In the debate about the power of the Popes over the Two Swords claim, the Pope could not support him due to wars in Europe over this and the fears that Germany and England would ally against Rome. Henry II has won the right to appoint his own Bishops
- 1170 AD Europe massive religious building project across Europe ‘Rebuilding Jerusalem’ and Gothic Art replaces Romanesque Art
- 1171 AD Mongolia Genghis Khan’s father murdered and the tribe deserted him and his family
- 1172 AD Ireland Henry II invades to counter rebellions against pervasive Royal influence and the developments in common law
- 1172 AD Wales Henry II peace treaty with Rhys ap Gruffydd
- 1174 AD Scotland William I defeated by Henry II Jordan Fantosme writes a poem on the rebellion
- 1175 AD Ireland Ruadri Ua Conchobair peace treaty with Henry II and Henry can now develop the Common Law throughout Britain and Ireland and he develops Eyre Circuits for judges
- 1176 AD Byzantine Empire in trouble against Seljuqs, Serbs and Hungarians
- 1177 AD Rome Alexander III makes peace with Frederick I over the papal Schism of Two Swords and some papal lands are restored
- 1179 AD Rome Third Lateran Council gives the College of Cardinals sole power to elect the Pope
- 1180 AD Britain source on English Law Richard Fitzneal
- 1180 AD Britain source on English Law Ranulf de Glanvill
- 1180 AD Britain Royal Charter to guarantee the loyalty of Barons is precursor to Magna Carta
- 1180 AD Britain source Jocelyn de Brakelond
- 1181 AD Rome proscribes the Albigensians
- 1182 AD Mongolia Genghis Khan marries Bhortai and inherits her tribe
- 1184 AD Rome the Inquisition is formally created under Lucius III and Frederick I and heresy becomes a secular matter Medieval Inquisition
- 1184 AD Mongolia Genghis Khan totally destroys the Merkhet tribe
- 1185 AD Bulgaria breaks free of Byzantime Empire and forms the second Bulgarian Empire
- 1185 AD Japan the Samuri emerge
- 1186 AD Britain Knights Templar build the Church of Temple Bar in Fleet Street at the headquarters in the Inner Temple and Middle Temple
- 1186 AD Mongolia Genghis Khan quarrels with Jamuqu and his tribe splits
- 1187 AD Jerusalem the Kingdom of Jerusalem ends when Saladin conquers the territory
- 1188 AD Mongolia Jamuqa attacks Genghis Khan’s tribe and massacred his generals. Genghis Khan kills Jamuqa and throws out all of the old ways and builds a meritocratic army
- 1189 AD Sicily Civil war Christians against Muslims
- 1189 AD Scotland Richard I sells Scotland back its independence under the Treaty of Falaise to raise money for the next Crusade. He also begins a series of pogroms against the Jews, presumably to gain their money for the Crusade, which results in the massacre of Jews at York
- 1189 AD Rome the Third Crusade ends with a treaty between Richard I and Saladin to allow Christian pilgrimage and preserve the Holy sites and allow trade route access
- 1190 AD Europe literature conservation spreads out from England across Europe with major centres at Chartres, Paris, Rheims, Leon, Toledo and Bologne
- 1190 AD France source Robert de Boron Arthurian Myth
- 1190 AD Britain source Layamon translates Robert Wace into the vernacular Arthurian Myth
- 1190 AD Wales source Heliand refers to Waleran’s Saynt Graal written (see 716 AD) Arthurian Myth
- 1190 AD Britain source John of Glastonbury refers to Waleran’s Saynt Graal written (see 716 AD) Arthurian Myth
- 1193 AD Russia the Northern Crusdes are repulsed
- 1194 AD Wales Llywelyn the Great captures most of Wales
- 1195 AD France source Wauchier de Denain Arthurian Myth
- 1196 AD Mongolia Genghis Khan now chieftain of all the unites tribes of Mongolia completely destroys the Tartars
- 1198 AS Rome Innocent III an new dynasty with a new agenda to control the Papacy and separate Church and State (this becomes the basis of the American Constitution in the 18th Century) and the inadvisability of anyone claiming Two Swords
- 1199 AD Britain the most powerful Kingdom in Europe
- 1200 AD Britain source Roger of Hoveden
- 1200 AD Germany source Wolfram von Eschenbach Arthurian myth
- 1200 AD Cambodia Angkor Thom built by the Khmer Empire
- 1200 AD Germany the Teutonic Knights formed and fought against the Cumans and Old Prussia
- 1200 AD Russia the Novgorod Republic emerges along with the Vladimir Suzdal
- 1200 AD China the first woodblock printing technique
- 1200 AD Far East Angkor Thom is built
- 1200 AD Europe the Waldensians are proscribed and suffer the Inquisition
- 1200 AD South America the Huari Culture fades in the Andes
- 1200 AD West Africa the Sosso Culture absorbs the Mandike Culture under their leader Sundiata Keita to form the Mande Culture in the Niger Congo region
- 1201 AD Rome the Fourth Crusade detours to destroy Constantinople instead as a final solution to the schism between the two Churches, resulting in the first Latin Patriarch and the formation of the Latin Empire. The Cistercians soon arrived and the Byzantine Empire is now ruled by Rome
- 1204 AD Britain John loses Normandy to Philip II of France
- 1204 AD Germany Wolfram von Eschenbach reputedly confirms that Perlesvaus is related to the Knights Templars as Grail Guardians Arthurian Myth
- 1206 AD Mongolian Ghenghis Khan founds the Mongol Empire, one of the biggest the world has ever seen, at this time. He conquers the Jurchens Namians Tangut Kara Khitan Khanate Khwarezmia Rus Hungary Poland Mongol invasion of Europe Afganistan Pakistan Northern India Caucasus Transoxiana Persia Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Crimea Kipchaks and the cities Samarkand Otrar Bukhara Kiev Halych and very many more. The Islamic World Collapsed. Genghis Khan recalled his army before they could conquer any more territory but the Golden Horde Khanate remained after Genghis Khan died and they conquered a vast area around Ukraine, Russia, Siberia and the Caucasus. Genghis Khan also fought the Tangut who allied with the Jin Dynasty so Genghis conquered them later when he crossed the Gobi Desert to capture Xining. The Mongol Empire was the biggest Empire ever seen on Earth, ignoring race culture and creed and based on meritocracy and religious tolerance, because it was completely indifferent to religion and did not hesitate to exterminate any opposition, religious or otherwise. The Mongol destruction of the libraries of Baghdad are still felt today. The Mongols massacred an estimated 80,000 people in Baghdad and many hundreds of thousands of peoples during their conquest. Genghis Khan set out to destroy Islam and many hundreds of thousands of Moslems were slaughtered. The Mongol Empire had a unified tax system and their capital city Karakorum contained a military school, a medical school, a legal system and literary records. The Mongol Empire spawned many Khans but it began to disintegrate soon after Genghis died in 1227 AD and eventually, the Khans began to convert to Islam
- 1206 AD India Mongol conquests and the Delhi Sultanate begins
- 1206 AD North America The Anasazi Indian Culture fades
- 1209 AD Britain Cambridge University founded
- 1210 AD France source Perlesvaus reputedly this propaganda is sponsored by the Knights Templar Arthurian Myth
- 1211 AD Central Asia the Kara Khanid Khanate fades
- 1212 AD Spain the Spanish Crusade Islam was also persecuting Jews in Spain since 1202
- 1215 AD Britain After the First Baron’s War, the Magna Carta signed and binds the king to law.