1500 to 1699 AD
1500 to 1699 AD
- 1500 AD Europe Renaissance begins
- 1500 AD Finland disturbed by the Principality of Moscow in the Russo Swedish War
- 1500 AD Finland Proper emerges
- 1500 AD Europe Lombard Banking emerges
- 1500 AD Central Africa the Kingdom of Benin
- 1500 AD South America the Spanish conquer under Hernan Cortez
- 1500 AD Mesoamerica European conquests in the Caribbean
- 1500 AD South America Brazil conquered by Spain the indigenous people of Brazil
- 1500 AD Africa the Portugese begin exploration of the continent
- 1500 AD West Africa Great Zimbabwe fades
- 1500 AD West Africa the Songhai Empire emerges
- 1500 AD Phillipines comes under the Islamic Sulu Sultanate
- 1500 AD Americas the Europeans begin to arrive and many cultures collapse as the Christian Missionaries begin their work
- 1500 AD Canada the Indigenous Peoples
- 1500 AD North America the Mississippian Culture
- 1500 AD North America the Pueblo Culture
- 1500 AD North America the Native American Tribes including the Caribbean and mythology - Hopi Apache
- 1500 AD Mesoamerica the Post Classic Cultures and Indigenous Cultures
- 1500 AD Mesoamerica the Aztec Culture and Mythology
- 1500 AD Mesoamerica the Maya Culture and Mythology
- 1500 AD South America the Indigenous Peoples of South America and their mythology and origins
- 1500 AD South America the Chimu Culture in Peru
- 1500 AD South America the Chachapoyas Culture in the Amazonas Region
- 1500 AD South America the Muisca Culture in Columbia
- 1500 AD South America the Inca Culture in the Andes and Mythology
- 1500 AD South America the Aymara Peoples in Bolivia
- 1500 AD South America the Indigenous Peoples of Peru
- 1500 AD South America the Urarina Peoples of Peru
- 1500 AD South America the Indigenous People of Brazil
- 1500 AD World hurricanes around the world impact due to world wide travel by shipping
- 1500 AD Britain the beginnings of the British Empire under Henry VII
- 1500 AD Rome Gospel of Barnabus proscribed
- 1500 AD Italy source Niccolo Machavelli writes The Prince dedicated to Lorenzo II de Medici
- 1500 AD Italy source Leonardo da Vinci one of the most influential thinkers of all time
- 1500 AD Italy Michaelangelo one of the most influential sculptor and painter of all time
- 1500 AD Italy Raphael one of the most influential painters of all time
- 1500 AD Italy the Medici family one of the most notorious families of all time
- 1501 AD Iran the Safavid Dynasty emerges
- 1502 AD South America Argentina invaded by Spain and the Inca Civilisation is destroyed
- 1502 AD Persia the Safavid Dynasty emerges
- 1503 AD Rome list of Popes
- 1503 AD Greece the Ottoman Empire conquers the Peloponnese and the Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Egypt. The Persian Safavid Dynasty fought back and keep some territories. The Ottomans took over the spice trade in the Red Sea and out into the Indian Ocean
- 1506 AD Italy Ludovico de Varthema writer and traveller reports the Chinese have sailed the Southern Ocean to Antarctica
- 1507 AD Germany Martin Waldseemuller creates a World Globe showing the Americas, because reputedly Bristol fishermen had been fishing off the coast following the fisheries, ?or rumours of Henry I Sinclair
- 1509 AD England the British Royal Navy founded by Henry VIII
- 1510 AD Germany Peter Henlein manufacturing Pocket Watches
- 1513 AD Asia Minor cartographer Piri Reis produces his map detailing the Americas
- 1513 AD North America the Spanish begin to annex Florida
- 1516 AD South America Uruguay invaded by Spain and the Guarani People suppressed
- 1517 AD Germany Augustinian Cleric Martin Luther nailed his objections to the selling of Indulgences by the Roman Catholic Church to the door of Wittenberg Castle Church, a traditional practice since antiquity. Luther’s objections were immediately printed and widely circulated. Luther’s subsequent marriage in 1525 went deeply against the grain of Roman Catholicism, and led to the Protestant Reformation of Europe and the Peasants’ War. Luther also translated the Bible into German and wrote antisemitic literature that would later be taken up and used by the Nazis in the 20th Century
- 1517 Germany Anabaptist movement begins, fueled by the Peasants’ War
- 1519 AD Portugal Magellan is the first European to circumnavigate the globe
- 1519 AD Mesoamerica Mexico the Spanish conquest of the indigenous peoples who had reached a high level of civilisation over the last four thousand years, all crushed, raped and pillaged by Spain
- 1520 AD East Africa The Portugese Empire takes control of the Islamic Sultanates and the Europeans take control of shore states around West Africa to begin the Slave Trade. It is estimated that half of the population of Sub Saharan Africa was removed to the Americas
- 1520 AD England the Glastonbury Thorn Mythology begins
- 1521 AD South America Ferdinand Magellan’s voyage of discovery circumnavigates the Globe
- 1521 AD South America Chile the Spanish Conquest of the Mapuche People
- 1521 AD Denmark the Protestant Reformation
- 1521 AD Balkans the Ottoman Empire conquers the Balkans definitively
- 1521 AD Spanish Empire’s Golden Age
- 1522 AD South America Venezuela invaded by Spain the indigenous people were mainly agriculturists and hunters living in groups along the coast
- 1522 AD Rhodes falls to the Ottoman Empire and the Knights Hospitaller retire to the Kingdom of Sicily and then to Malta where they become the Knights of Malta
- 1523 AD Sweden breaks with Roman Catholicism under the Protestant Reformation
- 1525 AD South America Colombia invaded by Spain
- 1525 AD Smallpox reaches the New World
- 1526 AD Hungary the Ottoman Empire conquers
- 1526 AD India the Mongol Timurid Empire branches to form the Mughal Empire
- 1528 AD East Africa the Muslim Christian war in the ancient kingdom of Ethiopia
- 1529 AD Austria the Ottomon Empire beseiges Vienna
- 1530 AD Russia Ivan the Terrible begins to reconquer all of the Russias
- 1531 AD South America Equador invaded by the Spanish and the Inca Civilisation is destroyed
- 1532 AD South America Peru invaded by Spain and the Inca Civilisation is destroyed
- 1533 AD England Henry VIII break with Rome due to his divorce
- 1534 AD Canada the French settle New France
- 1534 AD England William Tyndale translated the Bible into English
- 1535 AD England Henry VII annexes Wales and orders all Laws to be written in English
- 1536 AD Ireland Rebellion with England
- 1536 AD Portugal the Portugese Inquisition is unleashed
- 1537 AD South America Paraguay invaded by Spain subjugating the Guarani People
- 1538 AD Eastern Mediterranean Sea conquered by the Ottomon Empire
- 1539 AD England Glastonbuty Abbey destroyed along with all the Roman Catholic Abbeys, Cathederals and monasteries and all the manuscripts taken to the Matthew Parker Library
- 1540 AD England Land Enclosures the Great Debasement
- 1542 AD Rome unleashes the Inquisition on Protestants
- 1543 AD Europe Nicholaus Copernicus wrote his book on the revolution of the celestial spheres and began the Scientific Revolution
- 1545 AD Rome the Council of Trent convened to discuss the Protestant Reformation and proscribes the Prophecies of Merlin. The Church also censured Copernicus at this time
- 1546 AD Americas Typhus reaches the New World
- 1550 AD Portugal Camoes writes of his extensive travels across India and talks of the Chinese fleet’s expeditions.
- 1550 AD Europe mass migration of peoples around Europe at this time
- 1550 AF East Africa Zimbabwe infiltration from the Portugese led to the collapse of the ancient peoples and the trade with Greater Zimbabwe and the Swahili Nation due to the resultant wars. Infiltration from Islam and the Slave Trade with the Ottoman Empire also combined to weaken the kingdom of Zimbabwe
- 1550 AD Americas Forced Migrations and the Slave Trade from Africa some 11,000,000 people all told
- 1550 AD West Africa Togo major beneficiary from the Slave Trade
- 1550 AD England Roman Catholic Mary I is known as Bloody Mary for her persecutions of Protestants
- 1550 AD Germany Georg Rheticus working on Trigonometry
- 1550 AD England Thomas Gresham spy for Henry VIII coins Gresham’s Law, a precursor to the Banking industry, sets up the Royal Exchange with the Worshipful Company of Mercers and bequeaths Gresham College
- 1550 AD France John Calvin backs the Protestant Reformation. Calvinism becomes very influential
- 1550 AD Scotland John Knox begins the Scottish Reformation
- 1550 AD Rome the Counter Reformation begins to counter the Protestant Reformation
- 1553 AD West Africa Ghana has trading ports with most European Nations for the Slave Trade
- 1554 AD Persian Gulf reclaimed from the Ottomon Empire by the Portugese Empire
- 1555 AD North Africa the Ottoman Empire conquers the Barbary States
- 1556 AD China the Shaanxi earthquake kills 830,000 people
- 1558 AD Americas Influenza reaches the New World
- 1558 AD Finland disturbed by the Livonian War
- 1560 AD India the Portugese Inquisition is unleashed against Hindus
- 1562 AD France the Hugenots rebel and the Wars of Religion begin
- 1563 AD England Elizabeth I establishes the Anglican Church
- 1565 AD Malta the Great Siege under attack from the Ottoman Empire
- 1565 AD England the Royal Exchange established
- 1566 AD Netherlands the Eighty Years War begins when the Netherlands rebels against the Habsbergs
- 1569 AD Poland Lithuanian Union begins and the Nobles Democracy begins
- 1571 AS Mediterranean major naval defeat for the Ottoman Empire by European powers
- 1572 AD France St Bartholomew’s Day massacre of Hugenots
- 1577 AD England Francis Drake circumnavigates the Globe
- 1578 AD Italy the Turin Shroud rehoused at Turin Cathederal
- 1579 AD North America Francis Drake claims New Albion for England in California
- 1580 AD Finland forced movement of the Sami People and the Karelia people
- 1581 AD Netherlands becomes independent of the Hapsbergs under the Protestant Reformation
- 1582 AD China Jesuits begin mission work
- 1584 AD Netherlands the Dutch Golden Age begins under the House of Orange
- 1583 AD North America the British acquire Newfoundland funded by the cod fisheries
- 1584 AD Holland the Golden Age of the Dutch Empire
- 1585 AD Europe Anglo Spanish War
- 1587 AD England Mary Queen of Scots executed
- 1587 AD North America Walter Raleigh founds the colony at Roanoke Island and the British settle Virginia
- 1588 AD West Africa the Gambia becomes a Slave Port for Portugal
- 1588 AD England the Spanish Armarda attempts to invade
- 1589 AD France the Valois Dynasty fades and the Bourbon Dynasty emerges
- 1592 AD Korea is invaded by Japan but fail to take the kingdom. The Josean Kingdom consolidates
- 1596 AD France Rene Descartes defined the Cartesian Coordinate System which made him a key player in the Scientific Revolution
- 1596 AD Europe Spanish influence in trouble
- 1596 AD Finland the Cudgel War
- 1596 AD India the Deccan Sultanates overwhelmed by Mongol invasions and the Mughal Empire begins
- 1599 AD England The British East India Company formed by Elizabeth I
- 1600 AD West Africa the Trans Saharan trade routes fade
- 1600 AD Netherlands Tycho Brahe Alchemist and founder of the Tychonic System
- 1600 AD England John Dee Alchemist to Elizabeth I and instructor on Navigation
- 1600 AD Germany Johannes Kepler mathematician, astrologer, working on Optics and astronomy leads to Isaac Newtons Laws of Universal Gravitation
- 1600 AD England source William Shakespeare writes his World famous plays
- 1600 AD Europe the Renaissance fades
- 1600 AD Rome the Roman Inquisition is unleashed
- 1600 AD Rome Giordano Bruno burned as a heretic for Freedom of Thought and his work on Epistemology
- 1600 AD Europe the Reformation of the Church begins under Martin Luther. Protestantism now competes with Roman Catholicism
- 1600 AD Ireland is conquered by England - the Plantations of Ireland form the basis for the Empire
- 1600 AD Siberia enveloped by Russia
- 1601 AD Scotland reputedly James VI of Scotland becomes a Freemason but the St Clairs prevent him from becoming Grand Master
- 1602 AD Holland the Dutch East India Company formed
- 1603 AD Great Britain Stewart James VI of Scotland now James I of England as well issued King James Bible and the Book of Common Prayer and reputedly brings Freemasonry to England. Reputedly, the Royal Arms of Scotland depict the Lion of Judah (House of David), Fleur de Lys (Merovingians) crowing a Unicorn (viricile or bloodline of Jesus Psalms 92.10) and linked to the Noble families of Bologne and Jerusalem through the Invisible College
- 1603 AD Japan the Tokugawa Shogunate emerges
- 1604 AD Sweden emerges as a great power after the Thirty Years War
- 1604 AD Europe the end of the Anglo Spanish War
- 1605 AD Great Britain the Gunpowder Plot against James I
- 1605 AD Holland the Dutch Empire begins
- 1606 AD Europe major defeat for the Ottoman Empire in Austria’s favour. The Turks lost parts of Asia Minor to Persia
- 1607 AD Great Britain Enclosure riots
- 1607 AD North America Britain begins to found the Thirteen Colonies and the Atlantic Colonies and some Caribbean Colonies. The British took part in the Atlantic slave trade to work the plantations
- 1607 AD North America the British acquire American colonies at Jamestown and parts of the Caribbean
- 1608 AD Great Britain the British East India Company arrives in India
- 1609 AD Europe the Invisible College
- 1613 AD Russia the Romanov Dynasty emerges
- 1614 AD Americas Diptheria reaches the New World
- 1614 AD North America the Dutch settle New Netherland
- 1615 AD India the British visit the Mughal Emperor to negotiate trade agreements
- 1615 AD North America the British settle New England
- 1615 AD North America economic immigration from Europe
- 1616 AD Denmark Danish East India Company formed
- 1617 AD North America the Welsh try and acquire territories in North America
- 1618 AD Rome declares the Thirty Years War against Protestantism when Protestants rebel against the Habsbergs
- 1618 AD Finland caught up in the Thirty Years War
- 1618 AD Americas Measles reaches the New World.
- 1620 AD North America religious immigration from Europe begins. The indigenous peoples of British Columbia and Canada suffer religious persecution as their totem poles were comprehensively burnt and their potlatch meetings outlawed in a missionary imposed iconoclastic holocaust. Luckily the Hiada managed to survive to modern times.
- 1620 AD Korea is invaded by China
- 1621 AD North America the Scottish try and acquire territories in North America
- 1627 AD Korea the First Manchu invasion in alliance with a break away Josean faction leading to the instillation of king Injo
- 1630 AD North America the Great Migration of Puritans from England
- 1630 AD Italy Galileo Galili ground breaking father of modern astronomy, physics and science
- 1630 AD Italy Evangelista Torricelli invented the Barometer
- 1630 AD North America the Massachusets Bay Colony established by Britain
- 1637 AD Korea the Second Manchu invasion brings Korea into submission
- 1640 AD South America the Portugese acquire Brazil
- 1640 AD Scotland the rise of Presbyterianism when England forces the Book of Common Prayer into Scotland
- 1642 AD Ireland Rebellion over the Protestant Ascendancy
- 1642 AD Great Britain Civil War between Charles I and Parliament and the rise of the Puritans who persecuted everybody
- 1643 AD Europe Spanish Influence fades
- 1644 AD China the Ming Dynasty fades as the Qing Dynasty emerges.
- 1645 AD Great Britain Charles I founds an Invisible College in reaction to the horror over the brutality and nature of the Puritans
- 1646 AD India the Vijayanagara Empire fades in the south as the Deccan Sultanates emerge
- 1647 AD South Africa the Dutch settlers, or Boers arrive, soon the become an amalgam of European settlers called the Trekboars, and they form the Boer Republics and bring in the Cape Coloured from all around the World as ‘workmen’ for the Dutch East India Company
- 1648 AD Europe the Thirty Years War and the Eighty Years War end with the Treaty of Westphalia
- 1648 AD Sweden becomes an Empire
- 1648 AD Denmark war with Sweden
- 1649 AD Ireland Puritan Atrocities as Cromwell conquers Ireland
- 1649 AD Great Britain execution of Charles I
- 1650 AD East Africa the Portugese Empire loses control
- 1650 AD French Pierre de Fermat ground breaking mathematician working on Calculus Number Theory Analytic Geometry and Probability and his Fermat’s Theorum and Fermat’s Last Theorem which took 300 years to solve
- 1650 AD France Blaise Pascal ground breaking philosopher and mathematician working on calculators and Projective Geometry
- 1650 AD Europe the Rosicrucians emerge as a shadow organisation representing the Western Mystery Tradition, who issue Manifestos and the Chemical Wedding reputedly by Christian Rosenkreuz, riddled with complicated analogy, representing an alternative version of Christianity, either cobbled together by an obscure academic or someone who discovered the same stories as Dan Brown. These manifestos then may be an early version of the Davinci Code which have cropped up with heart beat regularity since 43 AD. The Manifestos allude to the Wisdom of Lamech and Hermes Trismegistus
- 1650 AD Ireland Robert Boyle Alchemist
- 1650 AD Europe the Age of Reason begins, influenced by Rene Descartes‘ Analytic Geometry and Nicholaus Copernucis’ Revolution of Celestial Spheres, and Rationalism in the Western Philosophical Tradition and Epistemology
- 1650 AD Netherlands Baruch Spinoza, the absolute philosopher, writing on Ethics and founder of Biblical criticism and influential in Optics
- 1650 AD England John Locke redefines Epistemology into Empiricism and influences the American Declaration of Independence
- 1650 AD Central Africa the Portugese acquire Angola
- 1652 AD Europe the First Anglo Dutch War begins
- 1652 AD South Africa the ancient Khoikhoi Culture disturbed by European settlement and The Dutch East India Company acquires the Cape Colony
- 1653 AD Great Britain Oliver Cromwell’s Protectorate begins. Easter and Christmas are proscribed and all inns closed and all meetings prohibited
- 1658 AD Great Britain Oliver Cromwell’s Protectorate ends
- 1658 AD Denmark war with Sweden ends with Treaty of Roskilde
- 1660 AD Great Britain the Restoration of Charles II Anglican plots begin due to his tolerance of religion and of Jews and the Invisible College resumes alongside Rosicricianism. Charles grants the Royal Society a Charter
- 1660 AD Great Britain Samuel Pepys famous diarist and founder of the modern Royal Navy and member of the Royal Society
- 1665 AD Europe the Second Anglo Dutch War begins
- 1666 AD Great Britain the Great Fire of London
- 1666 AD Great Britain Christopher Wren architect rebuilds the Churches and Cathedrals of London and member of the Royal Society
- 1669 AD Holland the Dutch East India Company hold vast territories in the Far East
- 1669 AD Italy Mount Etna erupts
- 1672 AD Europe the Third Anglo Dutch War begins
- 1673 AD Great Britain the Test Act means that only Anglicans can hold public Office
- 1673 AD Poland the Ottoman Empire captures part of its territories
- 1674 AD India the Hindu Maratha Empire emerges with the defeat of the Mughal Empire
- 1680 AD Netherlands Christiaan Huygens ground breaking philosopher, astronomer and mathematician developed the Calculus and Probability Theory. He used the telescope and the microscope, influenced by Robert Hooke’s Micrographia and the Pendulum Clock and the 31 Equal Temperament in music . He was a member of the Royal Society and the French Academy of Sciences
- 1676 AD Russia the Russo Turkish Wars begin and last on and off until 1914
- 1680 AD China the first Portuguese governor in Macau
- 1687 AD Great Britain the Whigs depose James II in favour of William III in the Glorious Revolution
- 1688 AD Great Britain Whigs (middle class rustlers) and Tories (pursued men) emerge
- 1688 AD Scotland the Jacobite Rebellion begins as a reaction to James II’s usurpation
- 1688 AD Ireland Rebellion with the Williamite War
- 1688 AD Britain Lloyd’s of London starts in a coffee house
- 1689 AD India the British East India Company is a country inside a country
- 1690 AD Europe mass migration from England to Ireland and from Hungary to Serbia
- 1692 AD Scotland the Massacre at Glencoe
- 1694 AD Wales Printing presses finally allowed
- 1698 AD Great Britain Jonathan’s Coffee House influential in the Royal Exchange
- 1699 AD Ireland Newgrange rediscovered by Charles Campbell, landowner
Sue :: Feb.16.2007 :: Book Reviews ::