500 to 1000 AD | Avilian

500 AD Central Asia the Rouran and Toyuhan Culture emerges
500 AD Brittany British settlement continues into 7th century
500 AD Gaul source Medard
500 AD Britain Taliesin Chief Druid and Bard of Britain in the kingdom of Rheged - list of kings - the old Tribal area of the Brigantes with some new immigration from Ireland
500 AD Wales list of kings of Gwynedd the old kingdom of the Ordovices
500 AD Wales list of kings of Powys the old kingdom of the Ordovices
500 AD Wales Gwent the old kingdom of the Silures
500 AD Wales Brycheiniog the old kingdom of the Silures
500 AD Wales Glamorgan the old kingdom of the Silures home to Dubricius Teilo and Samson and David and a king Morgan who seems to have connections with Morgan le Fay and her son Urien who becomes a king in Rheged and is mentioned in the Arthurian tales as Ywain
500 AD Wales Dyfed list of kings the old kingdom of the Demetae
500 AD Wales Ceredigion list of kings the old kingdom of the Demetae
500 AD Ireland list of kings of Ulster and list of irish kings and early history of Ireland
500 AD Wales source Welsh Triads
500 AD Scotland the Dal Riada kingdom founded possibly a conjoining of Picts and Irish peoples
500 AD Gaul Gundobad king of Burgundy
500 AD Britain the Druid warrior Illtyd supposedly converts to Christianity and becomes a Welsh saint
500 AD Britain another warrior Dubricius supposedly converts to Christianity and becomes a Welsh saint, but not until he installs Deisi Arthur, also known as Arthur of Dyfed, reputedly a descendant of Beli Mawr, as Prince of Dyfed, the old kingdom of Demetae. Deisi Arthur may in fact have been an Irish warrior, and he is referred to as a tyrant in the Lives of the Saints, most of which were written after 1000 and Christianised everybody (well they had to!) and King Arthur may well have been written out of Christian histories because he was in fact a pagan, hence his association with Merlin. Deisi Arthur is just one of many contenders for the position of King Arthur, and there are many of them! Early Welsh histories that escaped the Christianisation process to some extent include the Red Book of Hengest, the White Book of Rhydderch, the Book of Aneirin and the Book of Taliesin collected together and published by Lady Charlotte Guest as the Mabinogion sometime in the 1830s AD.
500 AD Britain source Hanes Taliesin including instructions of Enoch, Masonic knowledge, Eleusian Mysteries, Uriel’s machine instructions, quoting the Tuatha de Danann at Newgrange as the source via Gwynedd or Gwydion also known as White Track or White Stone - see Columba 575 AD entry
500 AD China source Book of Han
500 AD China source Book of Wei
500 AD Wales source Book of Aneirin
500 AD Wales source Life of St. David
500 AD Wales source Annales Cambriae
500 AD Britain source Geoffrey of Monmouth Historia Regum Britanniae
500 AD Britain source Nennius Historia Britonum
500 AD Britain source Gildas the Ruin of Britain and the History of the Britons
500 AD Britain source Bede
500 AD Ireland source Book of Kells
500 AD Ireland source Annals of the Four Masters
500 AD Ireland source Ulster Cycle
500 AD Ireland source Seathrun Ceitinn
500 AD Ireland source Annals of Tigernach
500 AD Ireland source Annals of Ulster
500 AD Ireland source Senchus fer n Alban
500 AD Ireland source Prophecy of Bercha
500 AD Ireland source Lebor Gabala Erenn
500 AD Ireland source Irish Annals and Chronicon Scotorum and Annals of Inisfallen
500 AD Ireland source Life of St. Declan
500 AD Ireland source Scela Cano Meic Gartnain
500 AD Scotland source Chronicle of the Scots
500 AD Scotland source De Situ Albanie
500 AD Scotland source Duan Albanach
500 AD Scotland source Life of St. Columba
500 AD Scotland source Book of Ballymote
500 AD Scotland source Life of St. Mungo
500 AD South East Asia the Buddhist Srivijaya Culture emerges in Sumatra
500 AD North Africa the Zanata Culture and ally themselves with the Berber Culture and the Masmuda Culture across North Africa to Morocco
500 AD Byzantine source Zosimus
500 AD Portugal Lusitania under Roman occupation invaded by Germanic Tribes
500 AD North Africa Egypt many earthquakes have struck Alexandria - as many as 23 by some accounts - and the city of Cleopatra slipped below the waves
500 AD Rome list of Popes
506 AD Gaul the Franks capture Provence from the Ostrogoths and drive the Visigoths into Spain who establish a kingdom there and the abandon Arianism and convert to Roman Catholicism
509 AD Gaul Merovingian Catholic Frank king Clovis I founds Paris
510 AD Gaul Caesarius preaching his hell fire sermons which designate three classes of people - clerics, merchants and peasants, the latter designated for slavery and advised to use female infanticide, though he was very careful to skirt around Pelagianism. The Druids had three classes - priests, warriors and people. Caesarius was a pupil of Augustine of Hippo, the main antagonist of Pelagius, a proponent of pagan humanism, and these sermons mark a turning point in Roman Catholicism’s fight back against their old allies, the Druids in the struggle for power in this new age under their protege Clovis I.
511 AD Gaul Clovis I dead
512 AD Britain Tintagel is the biggest trading port in Britain
513 AD Gaul Buidic king of Brittany dead. Map of British Amorica
514 AD Britain the Isle of Mann conquered by Cairill of Antrim and reputedly Aurelius sends a naval force to reconquer the island
515 AD Rome Perpetual Praise adopted
517 AD East Africa Yusuf Asar becomes king in Aksum
520 AD Brittany Hoel I from Britain king
521 AD Wales Samson of Dol Illtud Pyr Dubricius David Paul Aurelian Gildas Tudwal and Baglan all study at Llantwit Major
522 AD Rome source Boethius
522 AD Rome source Cassiodorus
522 AD Rome Theodoric the Great annexes Provence, Spain and Dalmatia
523 AD Ireland Brigid founds Kildare
527 AD Byzantium Belisarius has control of military under Justinian I and he ends the Persian Wars and campaigns widely in the East
527 AD Britain Aescwine founds Essex - Part of the old Inceni tribal lands
528 AD Korea Buddhism introduced and centuries of war come to an end, resulting in a cultural renaissance and a surge in knowledge
528 AD Byzantium source Procopius
530 AD Brittany Ywain found House D’Aqs
530 AD Byzantium Justinian I complies the Corpus Juris Civilis which will become the basis of Roman Law for all future Western civilisation, except England based on all Roman Edicts issued since 117 AD
533 AD North Africa Belisarius conquers the Vandals and the Byzantine Empire rebuilds Carthage
533 AD Rome declares Perpetual Peace
534 AD Britain Cynric king of Wessex - the old kingdom of the Dumnonii tribe
534 AD Britain ?Uther Pendragon king?
534 AD Britain Maelgwyn king of Gwynedd Pendragon in the line of legendary kings of Britain
535 AD Rome Belisarius conquers Italy from the Goths
535 AD Gaul the Franks conquer Burgundy
536 AD Papua New Guinea the Rabaul volcano caused global effects
537 AD Britain possible date for Battle of Camlann
537 AD Gaul the Franks conquer Provence
537 AD Byzantium Hagia Sophia built
540 AD Britain reputed date for death of Merlin at Dinas Emrys
541 AD Rome the Justinian Plague is the first recorded pandemic and may be a precursor to the Black Death. Reputedly, over 100,000 million people died throughout Europe at this time.
541 AD Balkans invasions by Slavs and Persia and Bulgars
541 AD Persia attacks the Byzantine Empire - again
545 AD Yemen the Marib Dam repaired
546 AD Britain Taliesin wins chair at Eisteddfod
546 AD Britain Yellow Plague
547 AD Britain Angles Ida king of Bernicia list of kings of Bernicia the old kingdom of the Votadini
547 AD Britain David founds monastery in Wales under the tutelage of Paulinus
548 AD Byzantium The Empress Theodora died, leaving Justinian I to rule alone for another 17 years, but the Byzantine Empire could not afford to maintain the Western half of the Roman Empire, so it pulled back, leaving Europe to fend for itself. The Justinian Plague leaves Europe empty of people and the economy of Rome in the West collapses.
549 AD Ireland Ciaran founds Clonmacnoise
549 AD Ireland Finnian dead
550 AD Cambodia the Chenla Culture emerges
550 AD Japan the Asuka Culture emerges
550 AD Europe Yellow Plague kills half of Europe
550 AD Gaul source Gregory of Tours
550 AD Gaul source Getica Jordannes
550 AD Rome has been pumping out antisemitism for centuries now goes up a notch under North African Fulgentius of Ruspe. Rome also pumping out constant original sin and no free will and predestination as individuality is subsumed into Relics
552 AD Rome Belisarius conquers for Byzantium
552 AD Central Asia the Gokturk Empire formed after the Huns left for Europe
553 AD Rome Belisarius conquer the Goths
554 AD Gaul Merovingian Frank king Chlothar I absorbs Theodebald’s Ostrogoth kingdom
555 AD Scotland Brude I king of the Picts list of Pictish kings
556 AS Rome the Pope assumes the name Pelagius I, no doubt to win confused converts from Pelagianism
559 AD Scotland Conall was a son of Gabran, and now becomes king of the Dal Riada kingdom. He had a son called Artan - another contender for King Arthur?
560 AD Britain the Angles control Yorkshire - Deira the old kingdom of the Brigantes
560 AD Britain Ceawlin king of Wessex the old kingdom of the Dumnonii
563 AD Britain Columba founds Iona, reputedly on the site of a shrine to Asherah. Like Constantine and the early church fathers had previously cobbled together acceptable Roman Christian belief (see 325 AD), Britain was a cauldron of ancient and modern religious practice at this time and Columba also incorporated pre existing beliefs into Celtic Christianity. Many of the Arthurian characters may have been taken from this rich tradition of mythology, and most people at this time would have associated their origins with them. The similarity of ancient myths from all over the ancient world show their common origin in the distant past, and both types of Christianity absorbed as many of them as they could manage
564 AD North Atlantic Ocean Voyage of St. Brendan
565 AD Ireland Dairmait mac Cerbail Druid High King of Ireland dead. Aed mac Ainmuirech now High King
567 AD Rome the Lombards invade
570 AD Saudi Arabia Muhammed born
570 AD Britain Saxons invade Buckinghamshire and the Upper Thames Valley the old kingdom of the Trinovantes
572 AD Rome Justin II constant war in Eastern Roman Empire
573 AD North Africa the Moors revolt and Byzantium puts them down
573 AD Byzantium Persia invades - again
573 AD Britain Gwenddolau king of the North killed by Peredur. His magician Myrddin, Myrddin Wyllt or Laloiken reputedly goes mad and hides in the Caledonian Forest, but the tales are reported by Christianised monks at a much later date who would want to downplay his character. The reason why there are so many Merlins may be that this is a Druid title and so many would have held it during this time period
574 AD Italy the Lombards invade
575 AD Yemen the Marib Dam abandoned and the people migrate to Medina in Saudi Arabia, originally a Jewish settlement
575 AD Gaul list of Frankish kings
575 AD Scotland Guletic of Dumbarton Pendragon king of the Britons - associated with a King Arthur aged 16
575 AD Scotland Druid convert Columba converts to Christianity and reputedly appoints Arthur king in Wales and his father Constantine king in Scotland both as Pendragons. Constantine II was a usurper Emperor in 407 AD and his sons may well have kept his name, explaining the references to ‘ancestors who wore the purple’ which continue to follow King Arthur around in the myths and establish in the Pictish king names and in the Scottish king names. Columba also removed Eoganan as king of Dal Riada and appointed Aedan. (?Only a Druid could do this, or is it because he is Irish aristocracy, a distant cousin to High King of Ireland Aed mac Ainmuirech and great great Grandson of Niall of the Nine Hostages?) Columba held talks with the Druids at Inverness Druin Cett and reputedly said ‘Christ is my Druid’ and he sets up a White Stone - see Taliesin’s White Stone from Newgrange 500 AD. Columba also converts the Picts under Brude I in Inverness to Christianity, probably how the name of Constantine transmits to the king lists, and founds Iona and offshoot settlements in Iceland and the Isle of Mann list of Pictish kings list of Dal Riada kings
577 AD Britain the Gewissae defeat three British kings at the Battle of Deorham and Ceawlin of Wessex expands
579 AD Balkans the Avars revolt
580 AD Britain High Kings Pendragon Pryderi and Peredur dead
580 AD Britain Ethebert king of Kent the old kingdom of the Regnenses. As first Christian king, Ethebert codifies Law Codes and marries his daughter Bertha to the Merovingian Frankish king of Paris
580 AD Balkans the Avars drive the Slavs into Roman territory.
584 AD China The Grand Canal begun in 486 BCE extended by the Sui Dynasty to become the largest man made waterway ever constructed in the World, stretching 1,800 kilometers and costing the lives of half of the 6,000,000 workers it took to construct it, and leading to the Collapse of the Sui Dynasty itself in 618 AD.
585 AD Britain the Anglo Saxon kingdom of Mercia established list of Mercian kings
586 AD Spain Visigoth king Reccared converts to Roman Catholicism and all Arian books burnt
588 AD Scotland Constantine king of the Picts converts to Christianity according to the Welsh Annals - this name keeps appearing though the origins are shadowy, they are there… see Caustantin
589 AD Ireland Finnian, teacher of Columba dead. Finnian has an aroma of Druidry about him, as does Columba
589 AD Spain the Council of Toledo marks the split between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire. The Roman Catholics proclaim the Filoque - the Spirit comes from the Father and the Son. The Byzantine Empire disagreed and said the Spirit comes from the Father through the Son
590 AD Rome Gregory the Great Pope
590 AD Ireland Celtic Christianity spreading via Irish monks throughout Europe
590 AD Wales Arthur? dead. Aedan mac Gabrain’s son Artur killed at the battle of Leithreid or Leithrig. He may be Cynan Garwyn king of Powys married to Gwenwynwyn - another date for the famous hero? Was Columba an ‘Arthur’ or a ‘Merlin’? Like ‘Arthur’ ‘Merlin’ may have been a title? Well, if he walks like an Arthur and he sounds like a Merlin… Also, there are plenty of ancient precedents for the titles of warrior priest to come together in one individual
593 AD Britain Aethelfrith king of Northumbria formed from the old kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira the old tribal lands of the Brigantes
597 AD Britain Columba dead
597 AD Britain Roman Catholic Augustine founds the King’s School in Canterbury and sets about reorganising the languages of Britain into a standard form. This work is taken up by Wearmouth and Jarrow later. Augustine arrives with forty priests to counter the Celtic Church (and remove the influence of the Asherah? see language discussion under 10000 to 5000 BCE and follow this Augustine thread forwards) and they set about converting the Anglo Saxons
598 AD Britain the kingdom of Rheged defeated by Anglo Saxons at the Battle of Catraeth
599 AD Byzantine Emperor Maurice ends conflicts with Slavs by Treaty and wins the Balkans
600 AD Central Asia the Turkic Culture emerges and the Sui Dynasty emerges in China to contest them
600 AD Britain Raedwald king of East Anglia the old Inceni tribal lands list of East Anglian kings
600 AD Britain the Anglo Saxons have all of Britain except Dumnonia, Cornwall and Wales, the Pennines and the North West, presumably part of Rheged not conquered by the Saxons. list of kings of Dumnonia from which St. Constantine and Constantine III stand out with plenty of Arthurian connections!
600 AD Britain Avalon reputedly Viviane is High Queen and her grandmother Morgaine is High Queen in Brittany
600 AD Japan adopts Buddhism
600 AD Wales source Beuno
600 AD Wales source Tysilio
600 AD Wales source Cadog
600 AD Wales source Asaph
600 AD Wales source Samson
600 AD Wales source Illtud
600 AD Wales source Teilo
600 AD Britain source Taliesin
600 AD Britain source Y Gododdin
600 AD Britain source Widsith
600 AD Rome source Gregory the Great
600 AD Gaul now increasingly called Francia
600 AD Byzantine Empire fights for survival
604 AD Britain Roman Catholic Ethebert founds St. Pauls and Rochester Cathedrals (though they won’t achieve this status till later?)
604 AD Rome the Apostle’s Creed and the Communion of Saints developed
604 AD Britain Irish Dal Raida Aedan mac Gabrain defeated by Aethelfrith at the Battle of Degsastan. Archpriest ‘Mordred’ and ‘Arthur’ reputedly killed. Aedan’s son Artur was killed about 590 at the Battle of Leithreid or Liethrig about 590 ?more titles? Aedan takes Scotland and Aethelfrith takes Northumbria
604 AD Britain Roman Catholic Augustine allowed in by Ethelbert now becomes the first Archbishop of Canterbury
605 AD Persia the Sassanid Empire annexed Egypt and conquers Syria
610 AD Saudi Arabia Muhammed writes the Qur’an
611 AD Europe Irish Columbanus founds monasteries in Francia and Italy and Irish monastries become centres of excellence all over Europe as Celtic Christianity fans out across Europe
611 AD Saudi Arabia Muhammed preaching
613 AD Britain Aethelfrith conquers Powys
614 AD Judea the Persians sack Jerusalem
614 AD Francia the Edict of Paris is the Merovingian French ‘Magna Carta’
615 AD Balkans overun by Avars
615 AD Britain Roman Catholic Ethebert of Kent codifies the British Law Codes list of Kentish kings
616 AD Britain Saxons invade Bernicia and Edwin becomes king of Northumbria list of kings of Northumbria
616 AD Britain Westminster Abbey founded
616 AD Britain Eadbald of Kent reverts to paganism
617 AD Britain Roman Catholic Raedwald of East Anglia defeats Northumbria list of East Anglian kings. Archaeologists believe that Raedwald was buried at Sutton Hoo
618 AD China The Tang Dynasty begins its trade with Calicut in India
618 AD India the Zamorins, Hindu kings, establish an extensive trading network throughout the Indian Ocean as far as Africa and South East Asia
618 AD China enters the Tang Dynastic period causing the An Shui Rebellion
619 AD Britain Roman Catholic Paulinus arrives
621 AD Persia Islamic foundation of Basra and Kufa
622 AD Balkans Slavs Avars and Persians in Alliance against the Byzantine Empire list of Avar kings Slavs and Avars have intact Indo European religion from the Proto European religion of all the European and Eurasian tribes
627 AD Byzantime Empire and Persians fight themselves into a joint defeat and the Persian Empire begins to collapse. The Byzantine Empire rallies but the Islamic uprising overtakes it. The Visigoths expel the Byzantine Empire from Spain
627 AD Britain Roman Catholic Paulinus reestablishes the Archbishopric of York under Edwin of Northumbria
630 AD Yemen Persians overun Sabaean Culture and the Frankincense trade fails because Christians don’t use it
630 AD Germania Alamanni Thuringians Bavarians Saxons move south and clash with the Franks
631 AD Britain Roman Catholic Edwin of Northumbria takes North Wales Anglesea and the Isle of Mann but pagan Penda of Mercia and Celtic Christian Cadwallon of Gwynedd join forces to defeat him
632 AD Bulgaria the Bulgars arrive and form a kingdom
632 AD Britain Roman Catholic Fursa in East Anglia
632 AD North Africa the Islamics sack Carthage
632 AD Saudi Arabia Muhammed dead
632 AD Middle East the Muslim Conquests begin after the death of Muhammad across the Arabian Penninsula under the Rashidun and the Ridda Wars begin
633 AD Britain pagan Penda king of Wessex defeats Roman Catholic Edwin of Northumbria and allies with Celtic Christian king Cadwallon of Gwynedd who go on to defeat Osric of Deira and Ecgric of East Anglia
634 AD Britain Oswald of Northumbria conquers Gododdin and invites Celtic Christian Aidan from Iona to found Lindisfarne. Roman Catholic Paulinus flees to Kent
634 AD Byzantine Empire totally defeated by Islam in the Battle of Ajnadayn
635 AD China Nestorian Christians arrive
635 AD Mongolia Nestorian Christians arrive
635 AD Korea Nestorian Christians arrive
635 AD Britain pagan Penda conquers East Anglia
636 AD Byzantine Empire defeated by Islam at the Battle of Yarmouk and Islam retains Syria and Judea. The Byzantine Empire blames the defeats on the religious divisions of Iconoclasm and Monophytism
636 AD Britain Roman Catholic Birunus converts Wessex
637 AD Persia converted to Islam and the Sassanid Empire ends. Zoroastrianism survives alongside Islam and many other religious sects forbidden in the West also survive
637 AD Ireland wars between Dal Riada and O’Neills results in Scotland ruled from Ireland until 730 AD
638 AD Britain Oswald of Northumbria conquers the Dal Riada in Scotland and captures Edinburgh
639 AD North Africa Islam conquers Egypt
640 AD Francia the Merovingian Franks failing and the Frisians Saxons Alamans Bavarians and Aquitaine become independent. Grimoald becomes important in Australasia
642 AD Egypt Alexandria’s library reputedly destroyed by Islam, or is it carted off to Baghdad?
642 AD Francia source Fredegar’s Chronicle
642 AD Persia Islam conquers list of Sassanid kings
642 AD Britain pagan Penda allies with Celtic Christian Powys to defeat Celtic Christian Oswald of Northumbria and Roman Catholic Anna of East Anglia making Penda the most powerful king in Britain and bringing Mercia into sharp focus. ?Was Penda an ‘Arthur’ or a ‘Pendragon’? Penda tolerated Celtic Christianity in Mercia, but he was against the ‘religious colonialism’ of the Roman Catholics elsewhere, and he continued to campaign against Bernicia and Deira because of their support of Roman Catholicism in East Anglia. Celtic Christian Aidan won praise from Felix and was friends with Oswine of Deira, killed by Oswiu of Northumbria who had Roman Catholic support. Obviously, there was plenty of religious politicking going on
643 AD Italy the Lombards drive the Byzantine Empire from the peninsula list of Lombard Kings
644 AD Persia Islam the Emergence of the Hereditary Caliphates
645 AD Wales the Monastery of St Davids burnt down
645 AD Britain Penda drives pagan Cenwealh out of Wessex and conquers Gloucestershire and Oxfordshire. Cenwealh takes refuge with Anna of East Anglia and converts to Roman Catholicism
648 AD Britain Roman Catholic Cenwealh restored to his kingship in Wessex and he allows Roman Catholic Birinus to convert Wessex
649 AD Cyprus Islam conquers temporarily
650 AD Ireland source Book of Durrow
650 AD Britian source Winifred
650 AD Britain source Caedmon
650 AD Britain source Birinus
650 AD Britain source Adomnan Life of Columba mentions Arthur
650 AD Britain source Bede
651 AD Persia the Aryan Sassanid Empire fades
651 AD Britain Celtic Christian Aidan of Lindisfarne dead
652 AD Britain Roman Catholic Biscop founds Jarrow and Wearmouth in Northumbria
653 AD Britain Celtic Christian Cedd of Lindisfarne converts Mercia
653 AD Rhodes Islam invades and breaks up the Colossus
653 AD Byzantine source Theophanes
654 AD Wales Cadwaladr of Gwynedd Pendragon
655 AD Britain pagan Penda killed at the Battle of Winwaed and Mercia is split up in the aftermath as Northumbria resumes its dominant position.
655 AD Frankia Grimoald kidnaps Merovingian Dagobert II and sent him to live in exile in Ireland (to be influenced by all those Celtic Christians and Druids…?)
656 AD Britain Penda’s son Peada of Mercia is murdered and Northumbria takes control list of Northumbrian kings
655 AD Britain Roman Catholic Felix arrives to convert East Anglia
658 AD Britain Roman Catholic Wessex expands into Devon and Cornwall
658 AD Wales Celtic Christian Cadwaladr of Gwynedd leads a major revolt against Roman Catholic Wessex
659 AD Britain Mercia regains its independence from Northumbria under Penda’s son Wulfhere list of Mercian kings
660 AD Korea wins its independence from China and the Goguryea and Baekju Cultures fades. Korea is now a Buddhist Nation under the